CAN/CSA-Z243.47-88

This National Standard of Canada is equivalent to International Standard ISo 9075:1987. 1. Scope and field of application This standard specifies the syntax and semantics of tow databases languages: 1) A schema definition language (SQL-DDL), for declaring the structures and integrity constraints of an SQL database. 2) A module language and a data manipulation language (SQL-DML), for declaring the database procedures and executable statements of a specific database application program. This standard defines the logical data structures and basic operations for an SQL database. It provides functional capabilities for designing, accessing, maintaining, controlling, and protecting the database. This standard provides a vehicle for portability of database definitions and application programs between conforming implementations. This standard specifies two levels. Level 2 is the complete SQL database language. Level 1 is the subset of Level 2 defined in clause 9, "Levels" on page 87. Note: Additional SQL language is planned for later addenda to this standard. Major topics under consideration for such addenda include referential intergrity, enhanced transaction management, specification of certain implementor-defined rules, enhanced character handling facilities, and support for national character sets. Annexes to this standard specify embedded syntax for including SQL data manipulation language statement in an otherwise standard application program. Such embedded syntax is defined to be a shorthand notation for a standard application program in which the embedded SQL statements have been replaced with explicit "calls" of database procedures that contain the SQL statements. This standard applies to implementations that exist in an environment that may include application programming languages, end-user query languages, report generator systems, data dictionary systems, program library systems, and distributed communication systems, as well as various tools for database design, data administration, and performance optimization.