Performance standard and test protocols for Thermal Energy storage systems
Scope:
The scope consists of developing a new standard for TESS used for heating in residential, commercial and institutional building performances. As a starting point, a review of existing relevant standards (such as IEC62933-2-1:2017, ANSI/ASHRAE 94 series, AHRI 901) that could be used shall be done.
• Define what is considered as a TESS.
• To define the instantaneous and annual/seasonal energy performance specifications of TESS for set of operational and ambient weather conditions, for example : charging time, discharging time, nominal energy capacity at a set temperature, active power for charging and discharging, roundtrip efficiency, expected service life, range of temperature for operation, system response time, ramp rate, self-discharge performance (rate of loss when charged at full capacity), power consumption, static loss and cycles discharge losses, annual fuel usage efficiency (AFUE), definition of testing methodologies for those characteristics.
• Referencing other standards when applicable, and adapting the standard requirements to Canadian market, considering local weather and practices.
• Add guidelines for life-cycle TESS calculation, to help building and grid operator conduct economic analysis, to offer adequate incentives related to TESS, and to help customers and installer to adequately choose a product or a technology for a given situation.
• To be referenced in the standard or included as an informative annex: basic functions and grid services, such as programmable routines, cold load pick-up management, demand response and connectivity with home or building energy management system (HEMS and BMS) or Virtual power plant (VPP).
Project need:
This proposed New Standard is being developed at the request of Hydro Quebec and is supported by Natural Resources Canada . It will provide the industry with a new standard of C440 standard.
To support the energetic transition and decarbonization of the economy, utilities and regulating bodies will push for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) deployment for residential, commercial and grid applications, notably for peak shaving applications, renewable integration, and energy bill optimization. With decarbonization of heating, a large part of electricity transiting on the grid during winter peak periods will be used for electric heating. When the final use of electricity is thermal, it’s cheaper to store it in a thermal form than in an electrochemical form, particularly for short and medium durations (48h and less). Moreover, storing thermal energy can bring resilience to clients in the event of a breakdown during a cold snap. Utilities and regulating bodies will therefore aim to have more and more ways to store thermal energy and provide network services to the grid through the deployment of thermal energy storage systems (TESS). This market will not be limited by technology type, but by performance. To kickstart this market, utilities might subsidize TESS, through incentives ( such as tariffs). For this PPF, TESS will be considered for heating purposes in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. Since there is no common language to analyze and compare new technologies that answer to the same market needs and provide comparable network services, performance metrics can be evaluated and understood differently between different suppliers and clients. It’s therefore important to properly define and test key performance metrics for TESS technologies and how they should behave according to the electric grid interest. In Canada, currently available standards and codes such as UL 9540/9540A and IEC 62933-5-2 cover general safety requirements for battery ESS, while NFPA 855 covers general safety requirements for any type of ESS. Additionally, a standard is currently being developed for reliability and quality assurance for long-term durability of any type of ESS. International standard IEC62933-2-1:2017 defines unit parameters and testing methods for electrical energy storage systems, without consideration for other ways of storing energy, while IEEE1679- 2020 describes a format for the characterization of emerging and alternative energy storage technologies in terms of performance, service life, and safety attributes. However, there is currently no proper standard in Canada to evaluate TESS performance and service-life.
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