Moderating the effects of permafrost degradation on existing building foundations

1.1 Mitigation techniques and other actions

This Standard covers the following mitigation techniques to maintain permafrost or remediate permafrost degradation around existing buildings or structures: 

a) site techniques that consist of 

i) shading; 
ii) drainage and grading; and 
iii) ground cover and snow management;

b) foundation techniques that consist of 

i) ventilation; 
ii) insulation; 
iii) mechanized refrigeration; 
iv) thermosyphons; and 
v) foundation replacement;

The Standard also covers site abandonment or structure demolition in response to permafrost degradation. 

1.2 Applicable foundation types

This Standard covers the following foundation types typically constructed in permafrost terrain: 

a) shallow foundations: 

i) footings supported at the ground surface, with a ventilated air space under the building or structure; 
ii) buried footings, with a ventilated air space under the building or structure; and 
iii) slab-on-grade with no air space under the building or structure.

b) deep foundations: 

i) adfreeze piles, with a ventilated air space under the building or structure; or 
ii) rock socket or end-bearing piles, which may or may not have a ventilated air space under the building or structure.

Note: Further information on these foundation types is presented in Annex A.